1971-06-17
By Lee Lescaze
Page: 0
CALCUTTA. - The number of refugees arriving in India daily is increasing after a relative lull last week, a senior Indian government official said today.
The reduced flow of new arrivals from June 5 to June 12 has ended, and the government has indications that huge numbers of East Pakistanis are still traveling toward the Indian border, according to Col. P. N. Luthra, coordinator of relief efforts here.
Indian government figures show that an average of more than 100,000 refugees have crossed the border each day since May 7. There are now almost six million East Pakistanis in India's million of them in West Bengal. As the refugees have continued to pour out of East Pakistan, the stories they bring of the forces that pushed them from their homes have changed.
Early arrivals in April told of brutality by the East Pakistan army in its efforts to crush the Awami League of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
After the army's initial attacks on March 25, the Awami League declared East Pakistan independent and attempted to fight to establish its authority over the province of 75 million people.
By the end of April, the units fighting for independence had been crushed in all but a few pockets near East Pakistan's borders.
While refugees who fled during that period accused the Pakistan army of driving them out through indiscriminate murder and burning of villages, many new arrivals do not mention the army.
Instead, they say they were driven out by acts of terrorism carried out by Moslem civilians.
Officials here have noted that the flow of refugees was at first half Moslem and half Hindu, but changed to more than 90 per cent Hindu in early May. Before the civil fighting broke out, East Pakistan had about 10 million Hindus and 65 million Moslems.
It appears from this and from the refugees' stories that the fighting in East Pakistan changed quite early from political battle between the West Pakistan military forces and hastily armed civilians to communal violence with Moslems launching attacks on Hindus throughout the country.
In many cases, according to refugees and relief workers who have spent days in the refugee camps, the Pakistan army provided Moslems with guns and there have been no reports of the army trying to protect Hindus.
The change from war for political ends to the persecution of a minority religion appears to have been accompanied by reduction in bloodshed.
While some new arrivals describe armed attacks on them by the Moslems, at least as many say they fled because they were told to clear out of their homes by a certain time or simply because they had heard of attacks on Hindus in nearby villages.
In the opinion of officials here, the change in what has happened in East Pakistan since March has several important aspects.
It serves to weaken the position of the Awami League exile government which continues to operate in India in the name of an independent East Pakistan.
On the one hand, the military forces fighting, for independence have been all but crushed: on the other. the new refugees have little interest in the political fight the Awami League, although supported by Hindus, is a Moslem dominated party.
Most refugees say that they will return to their homes if they can be assured of safety, However, since they fear victimization by Moslem elements, some officials here doubt that they will ever go back.
In India, particularly in West. Bengal where the people are closely tied to fellow Bengalis of East Pakistan, there is less sympathy with victims of communal violence than with the political forces that sought to gain independence from the western wing, according to observers.
A political challenge to Pakistan aroused the anti- Pakistan feeling which is very strong in most parts of India. What is bad for Pakistan is therefore good for India, in the common view.
However, India has suffered its own religious violence throughout the years and has much to lose from a resurgence of Hindu-Moslem animosity. There still remains the threat of religious trouble within India. The Hindu refugees who have fled here are an enormous economic and social strain on India without bringing with them any political benefit.
Although people here sympathize with the refugees' plight, they are also protective of their own property and would prefer that the refugees were political victims who might one day win a battle against Pakistan Instead, most of the refugees are illiterate farmers who have come to a country where there is little free land to farm.